Edith May Pretty (1883-1942) was an English landowner and amateur archaeologist.
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Pretty was born at Elland, Yorkshire on 1 August 1883, the younger of two daughters of Robert and Elizabeth Dempster. The Dempsters were industrialists who amassed considerable wealth from the manufacture of equipment related to the gas industry. Their fortune made possible many foreign tours, including one 'round the world', and Robert Dempster took a lease on the huge country house of Vale Royal Abbey, near Whitegate, Cheshire, the family seat of Lord Delamere.
Edith was educated at Roedean School, finishing her education with a six-month spell in Paris. After school, she became involved in good works, including the Red Cross, with whom she served during the First World War in the United Kingdom and France.
In 1926, Edith married her long term suitor, Frank Pretty, an Ipswich man who had been a Major in the Territorial Army's Suffolk Regiment during the First World War and who continued to serve the Suffolk Regiment after the war, also working in the family business of clothing manufacture. After their marriage, the Prettys looked for a home near Ipswich. Edith gave up the lease on Vale Royal and bought Sutton Hoo House near Woodbridge, Suffolk. Also in 1926 she donated the Dempster Challenge Cup to Winsford UDC, Cheshire, which has been awarded annually to a plot-holder on the town's allotments.[1][2][3]
In 1930, at the age of forty-seven, Edith gave birth to a son, Robert Dempster Pretty. The marriage was happy, ending in 1934 with the death of Frank Pretty.
In 1938, Pretty enlisted the help of a Suffolk archaeologist, Basil Brown, to dig into ancient mounds on her land. Some promising finds were made, and Brown returned in the summer of 1939 to make further excavations. He soon unearthed the remains of an enormous burial, later identified as a 7th century Saxon ship and probably the last resting-place of King Rædwald of East Anglia.
In September 1939, a treasure trove inquest determined that the fabulous grave goods unearthed from the ship were Pretty's property to do with as she chose. Within days, she had made the greatest donation to the nation made in a donor's lifetime, giving the treasure to the British Museum. In recognition of this, prime minister Winston Churchill later offered Pretty the honour of an OBE, but she declined.
Edith Pretty died in 1942. Sutton Hoo House and the burial site are now in the care of The National Trust.